Sustainable management in arboriculture.

Various agronomic techniques include mulching with organic or inorganic materials, aimed at suppressing highly competitive weeds during early growth stages while simultaneously providing the agroecosystem with multiple ecological services—such as moisture retention, soil temperature regulation, and the improvement of the soil's physicochemical and biological properties—as well as maximizing biodiversity within the orchard. The study focuses on designing efficient root architectures for intensive orchards and includes greenhouse pot trials to directly observe root system behavior.